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AMBER - TREASURES OF THE ANCIENT SEAS

AMBER HISTORY

The importance of amber in science, culture and art, has long and grand traditions. Amber is fossil resin.

The Baltic amber owes its exceptional charm to its fascinating history spanning the period from the times when it was sticky resin dripping in Teritiary forest at least 40 million years ago to the point when it was found as a small solid piece on the Baltic beach.

Apart from Baltic amber (succinite), there are over 100 other kinds of fossil resins in the world. Varied as they are, their properties are always inferior to those of the Baltic amber (in terms of treatment and durability of ornaments). They are found in rocks of various ages: from those dating back to the Triassic, i.e., 230 million years ago, to very young ones, found in quaternary deposits.

The latter are found in the southern hemisphere and are called copal. International jewellers sell goods made of many varieties of amber, including rumenite, symetite, birmite, Dominican, Mexican and Bornean amber, and even copal, but they are all incomparable to ornaments from Baltic amber.

Although the causative agent responsible for the huge concentrations or deposits of Amber remains a mystery. Amber could have resulted from a sudden rise of temperature in the Eocene era, windfalls, fires, or volcanic processes. The oldest Amber dates from 230 million years ago.

The biggest deposits of Baltic Amber were formed about 40 million years ago, as Amber was carried by a river flowing from the north and deposited in sediments called "Blue Earth". The river's delta, rich in Amber, extended as far as the eastern part of the Baltic Sea, and near the present town of Gdansk in Poland. Amber, amid masses of stony mud, was carried southwards by the swift currents of glacial waters during the Quaternary period. About 60 varieties of resins, more or less resembling Amber, have been found in nearly all the continents of the world, but differ in physical and chemical properties. Insects, arachnids, myriapods, and plants have been found preserved in Amber. Some traces of mammals and birds have also been found, such as hair or feathers.
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